Chronological Periods of Hungary
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The first period of Hungarian history in the Carpathian Basin (896-1301) was dominated by the dynasty of the chief conquering prince, Arpad. Under his successors, Hungarians accepted Latin Christianity and developed economic and political institutions following western European models but always modified them to suit their customs and local conditions. The hungarian feudal system resembled, but was not the same as, the French and German variants.
The next historical period, the roughly two hundred years between the death of Andrew II, the last Arpad, in 1301 and Hungary's defeat by the Ottomans in 1526, saw rulers from Bohemia, Bavaria, Luxemburg, Austria, Poland, and Naples on the throne of Hungary. The one exception to this stream of foreign rulers was the reign of Matthias I Corvinus of the Hunyadi family (1342-1382).
The First World War brought what Hungarians consider the third major catastrophe in their history. The Peace Treaty of Trianon detached from Hungary (excluding Croatia) 67 percent of the territory and 58 percent of her population. This loss, and reaction to the country's short-lived Communist regime in 1919, made inter-war Hungary revisionist and right wing. That under these circumstances Hungary gravitated into first Mussolini's, then Hitler's orbit was anything but surprising, and the country wound up on the losing side of the Second World War as well.
As did most countries in East-Central and Southeastern Europe, Hungary began its most recent historical period as a socialist state, under the thumbs of Stalin and his local satraps. A period of erroneous economic reforms, police terror, and all other features of typical Stalinist regimes led, finally, to the uprising of 1956.
Source: Peter F. Sugar, Peter Hanak, Tibor Frank. 1994. A History of Hungary. University of Chicago Press: USA.
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The next historical period, the roughly two hundred years between the death of Andrew II, the last Arpad, in 1301 and Hungary's defeat by the Ottomans in 1526, saw rulers from Bohemia, Bavaria, Luxemburg, Austria, Poland, and Naples on the throne of Hungary. The one exception to this stream of foreign rulers was the reign of Matthias I Corvinus of the Hunyadi family (1342-1382).
The First World War brought what Hungarians consider the third major catastrophe in their history. The Peace Treaty of Trianon detached from Hungary (excluding Croatia) 67 percent of the territory and 58 percent of her population. This loss, and reaction to the country's short-lived Communist regime in 1919, made inter-war Hungary revisionist and right wing. That under these circumstances Hungary gravitated into first Mussolini's, then Hitler's orbit was anything but surprising, and the country wound up on the losing side of the Second World War as well.
As did most countries in East-Central and Southeastern Europe, Hungary began its most recent historical period as a socialist state, under the thumbs of Stalin and his local satraps. A period of erroneous economic reforms, police terror, and all other features of typical Stalinist regimes led, finally, to the uprising of 1956.
Source: Peter F. Sugar, Peter Hanak, Tibor Frank. 1994. A History of Hungary. University of Chicago Press: USA.
